(Far) East Comes West: Asians in an American West
An Easterner coming west and coping with different behavior and values has been a subject for western movies from their earliest times, especially for western comedies in the days of silent films. That idea is also at the heart of one of the oldest and most popular western novels, which has often been made as a movie: The Virginian, first published in 1902. But Far Easterners, or Asians, are another matter. There haven’t been so many of them coming west in the movies.
Historically, of course, Chinese were much more numerous in the American west than Japanese or other Asians, especially in building railroads and in mining camps. Asians mostly showed up in western movies, if at all, as incidental characters. For example, Henry Nakamura appears as Ito, the Japanese cook in a wagon train full of women in 1951’s Westward the Women, where he is both comic relief to some degree and Robert Taylor’s conscience and drinking partner.
However, beginning in the 1970s with a burgeoning interest in martial arts fostered by Bruce Lee movies, a new kind of Far Easterner occasionally appeared in westerns—an Asian warrior, fighting alongside a more traditional western gunfighter. The first of these was the instantly recognizable Toshiro Mifune, from the greatest of the Japanese samurai movies, with Charles Bronson in Red Sun (1971). It was a remarkably international cast, with not only the Japanese Mifune but with the Swiss Ursula Andress and the French Alain Delon, in addition to Charles Bronson (Charles Buchinsky, born in Pennsylvania to a Tatar immigrant father and a Lithuanian-American mother).
A generation later, a couple of the Great Westerns introduced actual Chinese immigrants more or less realistically into western stories, with A Thousand Pieces of Gold (1991) and Broken Trail (2006). These were both stories of young Chinese women being sold into prostitution in western mining camps. In the new century, there was an attempt to mix the fish-out-of-water comedy of the silents with the martial arts of the 1970s, which did well enough at the box office that it spawned a sequel: Shanghai Noon (2000) and Shanghai Knights (2003), both with Jackie Chan and Owen Wilson. Most recently, a gentler comedy took a humanistic view of the Chinese in a western community, as part of the story of the Montana Kid in western Canada in Gunless (2010). There is even a Korean-made Chinese martial arts movie set in a ghoulish American West, complete with circus, dwarf, hordes of evil outlaw thugs and invincible assassins: The Warrior’s Way (2010).
As with all such lists, there are bound to be others not included here. If you know of any that should be, please leave a comment.
Westward the Women (Henry Nakamura, 1951)
7 Faces of Dr. Lao (Tony Randall, 1964)
The Five Man Army (Peter Graves, James Daly, Bud Spencer and Tetsuro Tamba, 1970)
Red Sun (Charles Bronson and Toshiro Mifune, 1971)
One More Train to Rob (George Peppard and France Nuyen, 1971)
The Stranger and the Gunfighter (Lee Van Cleef and Lo Lieh, 1974)
A Thousand Pieces of Gold (Chris Cooper and Rosalind Chao, 1991)
Samurai Cowboy (Hiromi Go, 1993)
Shanghai Noon (Owen Wilson and Jackie Chan, 2000)
Shanghai Knights (Owen Wilson and Jackie Chan, 2003)
Broken Trail (Robert Duvall, Thomas Haden Church and Chinese maidens, 2006)
Gunless (Paul Gross and a Chinese sub-community, 2010)
The Warrior’s Way (Dong-gun Jang, Kate Bosworth, Geoffrey Rush, 2010)
The Magnificent Seven (Byung-hun Lee, Denzel Washington, 2016)
Westerners in Japan
The Silent Stranger (Tony Anthony, 1968)
The Last Samurai (Tom Cruise, 2003)
Asian Westerns
Tears of the Black Tiger (2000)
Sukiyaki Western Django (2007)
The Good, the Bad, the Weird (2008)
Let the Bullets Fly (2010)
Buffalo Boys (2019)
The martial-arts-meet-the-west movement spread in other media as well. (See the Six-Gun Samurai pulp novel cover, below, the first in a series of at least eight such novels.) And Tom Laughlin’s follow-up of sorts to Billy Jack, The Master Gunfighter, was a pretty terrible movie, but the titular Gunfighter carried a katana (which he actually uses several times) to emphasize his inner peace, his connection with the mysterious Far East, and his prowess with multiple types of weapons and mayhem in defense of that inner peace.